tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-709513400556337932024-03-14T08:52:35.624+02:00askaromanianANYTHING,ABOUT EVERYTHING ROMANIANaskaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-17833771285962270542013-01-21T01:22:00.001+02:002013-01-21T01:22:07.565+02:00<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<span dir="auto">Constantin Brâncuși</span></h1>
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<span dir="auto"> </span></h1>
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<span dir="auto">Constantin Brâncuși<span style="font-weight: normal;"> - surname sometimes spelled <i>Brâncuș</i>; February 19, 1876 – March 16, 1957,was a Romanian-born sculptor who made his career in France. As a child he displayed an aptitude for carving wooden farm tools. Formal studies took him first to Bucharest, then to Munich, then to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. His abstract style emphasizes clean geometrical lines that balance forms inherent in his materials with the symbolic allusions of representational art. Famous Brâncuși works include the <i>Sleeping Muse</i> (1908), <i>The Kiss</i> (1908), <i>Prometheus</i> (1911), <i>Mademoiselle Pogany</i> (1913), <i>The Newborn</i> (1915), <i>Bird in Space</i> (1919) and <i>The Column of the Infinite (Coloana infinitului)</i>, popularly known as <i>The Endless Column</i> (1938). Considered the pioneer of modernism, Brâncuși is called the patriarch of modern sculpture.</span></span></h1>
Brâncuși grew up in the village of Hobiţa, Gorj, near Târgu Jiu, close to Romania's Carpathian Mountains, an area known for its rich tradition of folk crafts, particularly woodcarving. Geometric patterns of the region are seen in his later works.<br />
His parents Nicolae and Maria Brâncuși were poor peasants who earned a
meager living through back-breaking labor; from the age of seven,
Constantin herded the family's flock of sheep. He showed talent for
carving objects out of wood, and often ran away from home to escape the
bullying of his father and older brothers.<br />
At the age of nine, Brâncuși left the village to work in the nearest
large town. At 11 he went into the service of a grocer in Slatina; and
then he became a domestic in a public house in Craiova where he remained
for several years. When he was 18, Brâncuși created a violin by hand
with materials he found around his workplace. Impressed by Brâncuși's
talent for carving, an industrialist entered him in the Craiova School
of Arts and Crafts (<i>școala de arte și meserii</i>), where he pursued his love for woodworking, graduating with honors in 1898.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-brainjuice_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-brainjuice-1"><span></span></a></sup><br />
He then enrolled in the Bucharest School of Fine Arts, where he
received academic training in sculpture. He worked hard, and quickly
distinguished himself as talented. One of his earliest surviving works,
under the guidance of his anatomy teacher, Dimitrie Gerota, is a masterfully rendered écorché (statue of a man with skin removed to reveal the muscles underneath) which was exhibited at the Romanian Athenaeum in 1903.
Though just an anatomical study, it foreshadowed the sculptor's later
efforts to reveal essence rather than merely copy outward appearance.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Working_in_Paris">Working in Paris</span></h2>
In 1903, Brâncuși traveled to Munich, and from there to Paris. In Paris, he was welcomed by the community of artists and intellectuals brimming with new ideas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-3"><span></span></a></sup> He worked for two years in the workshop of Antonin Mercié of the École des Beaux-Arts, and was invited to enter the workshop of Auguste Rodin.
Even though he admired the eminent Rodin he left the Rodin studio after
only two months, saying, "Nothing can grow under big trees."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-brainjuice_1-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-brainjuice-1"><span></span></a></sup><br />
After leaving Rodin's workshop, Brâncuși began developing the
revolutionary style for which he is known. His first commissioned work,
"The Prayer", was part of a gravestone memorial. It depicts a young
woman crossing herself as she kneels, and marks the first step toward
abstracted, non-literal representation, and shows his drive to depict
"not the outer form but the idea, the essence of things." He also began
doing more carving, rather than the method popular with his
contemporaries, that of modeling in clay or plaster which would be cast
in metal, and by 1908 he worked almost exclusively by carving.<br />
In the following few years he made many versions of "Sleeping Muse" and "The Kiss", further simplifying forms to geometrical and sparse objects.<br />
His works became popular in France, Romania and the United States. Collectors, notably John Quinn, bought his pieces, and reviewers praised his works. In 1913 Brâncuși's work was displayed at both the Salon des Indépendants and the first exhibition in the U.S. of modern art, the Armory Show.<br />
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Brancusi's Paris studio, 1920, photograph by Edward Steichen</div>
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In 1920, he developed a notorious reputation with the entry of "Princess X" in the Salon.
The phallic shape of the piece scandalized the Salon, and despite
Brâncuși's explanation that it was an anonymous portrait, removed it
from the exhibition. "Princess X" was revealed to be Princess Marie Bonaparte, direct descendant of the younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. Brâncuși represented or caricatured her life as a large gleaming bronze phallus.
This phallus symbolizes the model's obsession with the penis and her
lifelong quest to achieve vaginal orgasm, with the help of Sigmund Freud.<br />
Around this time he began crafting the bases for his sculptures with
much care and originality because he considered them important to the
works themselves.<br />
He began working on the group of sculptures that are known as "Bird
in Space" — simple shapes representing a bird in flight. The works are
based on his earlier "Măiastra"
series. In Romanian folklore the Măiastra is a beautiful golden bird
who foretells the future and cures the blind. Over the following 20
years, Brâncuși would make 20-some versions of "Bird in Space" out of
marble or bronze. Photographer Edward Steichen purchased one of the "birds" in 1926 and shipped it to the United States. However, the customs
officers did not accept the "bird" as a work of art and placed a duty
upon its import as an industrial item. They charged the high tax placed
upon raw metals instead of the no tax on art. A trial the next year
overturned the assessment. Athena Tacha Spear's book, <i>Brâncuși's Birds,</i> (CAA monographs XXI, NYU Press, New York, 1969), first sorted out the 36 versions and their development, from the early <i>Măiastra</i>, to the <i>Golden Bird</i> of the late teens, to the <i>Bird in Space</i>, which emerged in the early '20s and which Brâncuși perfected throughout his life.<br />
His work became popular in the U.S., however, and he visited several
times during his life. Worldwide fame in 1933 brought him the commission
of building a meditation temple in India for Maharajah of Indore, but
when Brâncuși went to India in 1937 to complete the plans and begin
construction, the Mahrajah was away and lost interest in the project
when he returned.<br />
In 1938, he finished the World War I monument in Târgu-Jiu where he had spent much of his childhood. "Table of Silence", "The Gate of the Kiss", and "Endless Column"
commemorate the courage and sacrifice of Romanian civilians who in 1916
fought off a German invasion. The restoration of this ensemble was
spearheaded by the World Monuments Fund and was completed in 2004.<br />
The Târgu Jiu ensemble
marks the apex of his artistic career. In his remaining 19 years he
created less than 15 pieces, mostly reworking earlier themes, and while
his fame grew he withdrew. In 1956 <i>Life</i> magazine
reported, "Wearing white pajamas and a yellow gnomelike cap, Brâncuși
today hobbles about his studio tenderly caring for and communing with
the silent host of fish birds, heads, and endless columns which he
created."<br />
Brâncuși was cared for in his later years by a Romanian refugee
couple. He became a French citizen in 1952 in order to make the
caregivers his heirs, and to bequeath his studio and its contents to the
Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
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<i>Sleeping Muse,</i> 1910, bronze, Metropolitan Museum of Art</div>
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Brâncuși always dressed in the simple ways the Romanian peasants did.
His studio was reminiscent of the houses of the peasants from his
native region: there was a big slab of rock as a table and a primitive
fireplace, similar to those found in traditional houses in his native Oltenia, while the rest of the furniture was made by him out of wood. Brâncuși would cook his own food, traditional Romanian dishes, with which he would treat his guests.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sandqvist.2C_p._249_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-Sandqvist.2C_p._249-6"><span></span></a></sup><br />
Brâncuși held a large spectrum of interests, from science to music. He was a good violinist
and he would sing old Romanian folk songs, often expressing by them his
feelings of homesickness. Nevertheless, he never considered moving back
to his native Romania, but he did visit it eight times<sup>,</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sandqvist.2C_p._249_6-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-Sandqvist.2C_p._249-6"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
His circle of friends included artists and intellectuals in Paris such as Amedeo Modigliani, Ezra Pound, Henri Pierre Roché, Guillaume Apollinaire, Louise Bourgeois, Pablo Picasso, Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp, Henri Rousseau, and Fernand Léger. He was an old friend of Romany Marie,who was also Romanian, and referred Isamu Noguchi to her café in Greenwich Village.Although surrounded by the Parisian avant-garde, Brâncuși never lost
the contact with Romania and had friends from the community of Romanian
artists and intellectuals living in Paris, including Benjamin Fondane, George Enescu, Theodor Pallady, Camil Ressu, Nicolae Dărăscu, Panait Istrati, Traian Vuia, Eugène Ionesco, Emil Cioran and Paul Celan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-9"><span></span></a></sup><br />
Brâncuși held a particular interest in mythology, especially Romanian
mythology, folk tales, and traditional art (which also had a strong
influence on his works), but he became interested in African and
Mediterranean art as well.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-10"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
A talented handyman, he built his own phonograph, and made most of
his furniture, utensils, and doorways. His worldview valued
"differentiating the essential from the ephemeral," with Plato, Lao-Tzu, and Milarepa
as influences. He was a saint-like idealist and near ascetic, turning
his workshop into a place where visitors noted the deep spiritual
atmosphere. However, particularly through the 10s and 20s, he was known
as a pleasure seeker and merrymaker in his bohemian circle. He enjoyed cigarettes, good wine, and the company of women. He had one child, John Moore, whom he never acknowledged.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-11"><span></span></a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</span></h2>
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Constantin Brâncuși on the 500 leu Romanian banknote (1991–1992 issue)</div>
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He died on March 16, 1957 at the age of 81 leaving 1200 photographs and 215 sculptures. He was buried in the Cimetière du Montparnasse
in Paris. Also located in that cemetery are statues carved by Brâncuși
for several fellow artists who died; the best-known of these is "Le
Baiser" ("The Kiss").<br />
His works are housed in the Museum of Modern Art (New York), the National Museum of Art of Romania (Bucharest), and the National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.), as well as in other major museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art currently has the largest collection of Brâncuși sculptures in the United States.<br />
A reconstruction of Brâncuși's onetime studio in Paris is open to the public. It is close to the Pompidou Centre, in the rue Rambuteau. After being refused by the Romanian Communist government, he bequeathed part of his collection to the French state on condition that his workshop be rebuilt as it was on the day he died.<br />
Architect Klas Anshelm designed the Malmö Konsthall,
which opened in 1975 and is one of Europe’s largest exhibition halls
for contemporary art, taking inspiration for the construction from
Brâncuși's studio, after visiting the sculptor in Paris.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Malm.C3.B6_Konsthall_12-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-Malm.C3.B6_Konsthall-12"><span></span></a></sup><br />
Brâncuși was elected posthumously to the Romanian Academy in 1990.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Romanian_Academy_member_13-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-Romanian_Academy_member-13"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
In 2002, a sculpture by Brâncuși named "Danaide" was sold for $18.1 million, the highest that a sculpture piece had ever sold for at auction.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Danaide_auction_14-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-Danaide_auction-14"><span></span></a></sup> In May 2005, a piece from the "Bird in Space" series broke that record, selling for $27.5 million in a Christie's auction. In the Yves Saint Laurent/Pierre
Bergé sale on February 23, 2009, another sculpture of Brâncuși, "Madame
L.R.", was sold for €29.185 million ($37.2 million), setting a new
historical record.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Madame_L_R_auction_15-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#cite_note-Madame_L_R_auction-15"><span></span></a></sup><br />
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<span dir="auto"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span> </span></h1>
askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-69390079399035523212012-12-09T20:52:00.000+02:002012-12-09T20:52:27.027+02:00<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<span dir="auto">Romanian cuisine</span></h1>
<b>Romanian cuisine</b> is a diverse blend of different dishes from
several traditions with which it has come into contact, but it also
maintains its own character. It has been greatly influenced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman cuisine</a>, while it also includes influences from the cuisines of other neighbours, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">Germans</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarians</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarians</a>.<br />
Quite different types of dishes are sometimes included under a generic term; for example, the category <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83" title="Ciorbă">ciorbă</a></i> includes a wide range of soups with a characteristic sour taste. These may be meat and vegetable soups, tripe (<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83_de_burt%C4%83" title="Ciorbă de burtă">ciorbă de burtă</a></i>), and calf foot soups, or fish soups, all of which are soured by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_juice" title="Lemon juice">lemon juice</a>, sauerkraut juice, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>, or traditionally <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor%C5%9F_%28bran%29" title="Borş (bran)">borş</a></i>. The category <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A2uic%C4%83" title="Ţuică">ţuică</a></i> (plum brandy) is a generic name for a strong <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_beverage" title="Distilled beverage">alcoholic spirit</a> in Romania, while in other countries, every flavour has a different name.<br />
In history of Romanian culinary literature, Costache Negruzzi and Mihail
Kogălniceanu are the compilers of a cookbook ″200 reţete cercate de
bucate, prăjituri şi alte treburi gospodăreşti″ (200 tried recipes,
pastries and other household things) printed in 1841.
Also, Negruzzi writes in "Alexandru Lăpuşneanu": "In Moldavia at this
time, fine food wasn't fashioned. Greater feast could have included few
courses. After Polish borş, Greek dishes follow, boiled with herbs
floating in butter, after that, Turkish pilaf, and finally cosmopolitan
steaks".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Dacian_cuisine">Dacian cuisine</span></h3>
Cheese was known since <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient history</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2nz%C4%83" title="Brânză">Brânză</a></i> is the generic word for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> in Romanian. This word is from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacian_language" title="Dacian language">Dacian</a>, the language of the pre-Roman population of present-day Romania.<br />
The Dacians produced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> in massive quantities. Once <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burebista" title="Burebista">Burebista</a>, a Dacian king, angered by the wine abuse of his warriors, cut the vines; his people gave up drinking wine.Legend says that the Dacian people created their own beer.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Roman_influence">Roman influence</span></h3>
With Romans, came a certain taste, rooted in the centuries for the pastry made with cheese, like alivenci, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasca" title="Pasca">pasca</a>, or brânzoaice. Introduction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a> by the Romans, who eat <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> porridge called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Ottoman_influence">Ottoman influence</span></h3>
For 276 years, Romania was under the rules of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish cuisine</a> changed the Romanian table with appetizers made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">peppers</a> or other vegetables, various <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> preparations like spicy chiftele. And a unique procession of sweets, pastries combining honey and nuts, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">halva</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">rahat</a>, which is used in cakes.<br />
Romanian recipes bear the same influences as the rest of Romanian culture. The Turks have brought <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatballs" title="Meatballs">meatballs</a> (<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83" title="Ciorbă">perişoare</a></i> in a meatball soup), from the Greeks there is <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">musaca</a></i>, from the Austrians there is the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Schnitzel" title="Wiener Schnitzel">şniţel</a></i>, and the list could continue. The Romanians share many foods with the Balkan area (in which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>
was the cultural vehicle), with Central Europe (mostly in the form of
German-Austrian dishes introduced through Hungary or by the Saxons in
Transylvania) and Eastern Europe. Some others are original or can be
traced to the Roman or other ancient civilizations. The lack of written
sources in Eastern Europe makes impossible to determine today the
punctual origin for most of them.<br />
One of the most common meals is the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83liga" title="Mămăliga">mămăliga</a></i>, a type of polenta, served on its own or as an accompaniment. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> is the main meat used in Romanian cuisine, but also <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> is consumed and a good lamb or fish dish is never to be refused.<br />
Before <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, on December 20 (Ignat's Day or <i>Ignatul</i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>), a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pig</a> is traditionally sacrificed by every rural family.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-5"><span></span></a></sup> A variety of foods for Christmas prepared from the slaughtered pig consist of the following:<br />
<ul>
<li><i>Cărnaţi</i> — sausages</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caltabo%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Caltaboş (page does not exist)">Caltaboş</a></i> — sausages made with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_%28food%29" title="Liver (food)">liver</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tob%C4%83" title="Tobă">Tobă</a></i> and <i>piftie</i> — dishes using pig's feet, head and ears suspended in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspic" title="Aspic">aspic</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tochitur%C4%83" title="Tochitură">Tochitură</a></i> — pan-fried pork served with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Mămăligă">mămăligă</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> ("so that the pork can swim").</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piftie" title="Piftie">Piftie</a></i> - inferior parts of the pig, mainly the tail, feet and ears, are cooked refinely and served in a form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jumari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Jumari (page does not exist)">Jumari</a></i> - small pieces of pig meat are fried and tumbled through various spices</li>
</ul>
The Christmas meal is sweetened with the traditional <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">cozonac</a></i>, a sweet bread with nuts and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">rahat</a> for dessert.<br />
At <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a> is served: the main dishes are roast lamb and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drob" title="Drob">drob</a> de miel</i> – a Romanian-style lamb <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggis" title="Haggis">haggis</a> made of minced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_%28anatomy%29" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a> (heart, liver, lungs) wrapped and roasted in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caul_fat" title="Caul fat">caul</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-7"><span></span></a></sup> The traditional Easter cake is <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasc%C4%83" title="Pască">pască</a></i>, a pie made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> dough with a sweet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">cottage cheese</a> filling at the center.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-9"><span></span></a></sup><br />
Romanian pancakes, called <i>clătită</i>, are thin (like the French <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">crêpe</a>) and can be prepared with savory or sweet fillings: ground meat, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_cheese" title="White cheese">white cheese</a>, or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam" title="Jam">jam</a>. Different recipes are prepared depending on the season or the occasion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-educations_10-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-educations-10"><span></span></a></sup><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a> is the preferred drink, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Romanian wine</a> has a tradition of over three millennia<sup>.</sup>Romania is currently the world's 9th largest wine producer, and recently the export market has started to grow. Romania produces a wide selection of domestic varieties (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feteasc%C4%83_%28disambiguation%29" title="Fetească (disambiguation)">Fetească</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gras%C4%83_de_Cotnari" title="Grasă de Cotnari">Grasă</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%83m%C3%A2ioas%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" title="Tămâioasă Românească">Tamâioasă</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busuioac%C4%83" title="Busuioacă">Busuioacă</a>), as well as varieties from across the world (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welschriesling" title="Welschriesling">Italian Riesling</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabernet_Sauvignon" title="Cabernet Sauvignon">Cabernet Sauvignon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscat_Ottonel" title="Muscat Ottonel">Muscat Ottonel</a>). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a> is also highly regarded, generally <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilsener" title="Pilsener">blonde pilsener beer</a>, made with German influences. There are also Romanian breweries with a long tradition.<br />
According to the 2009 data of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAOSTAT" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a>, Romania is the world's second largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a> producer (after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-11"><span></span></a></sup> and as much as 75% of Romania's plum production is processed into the famous <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A2uic%C4%83" title="Ţuică">ţuică</a></i>, a plum brandy obtained through one or more <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillation</a> steps.<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_dishes">List of dishes</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Soups">Soups</span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Romanian_potato_soup.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Romanian_potato_soup.jpg/220px-Romanian_potato_soup.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Romanian_potato_soup.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<i>Ciorbă de cartofi</i></div>
</div>
</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ciorba-e.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ciorba-e.jpg/220px-Ciorba-e.jpg" width="220" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ciorba-e.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Ciorbă de burtă</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor%C5%9F_%28bran%29" title="Borş (bran)">Borş</a></i> is fermented <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> bran, a souring agent for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83" title="Ciorbă">ciorbă</a>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor%C5%9F_de_burechiu%C5%9Fe" title="Borş de burechiuşe">Borş de burechiuşe</a></i></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83" title="Ciorbă">Ciorbă</a></i> is the traditional Romanian sour soup
<ul>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83_de_burt%C4%83" title="Ciorbă de burtă">Ciorbă de burtă</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">tripe</a> soup)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83_de_peri%C5%9Foare" title="Ciorbă de perişoare">Ciorbă de perişoare</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">meatball</a> soup)</li>
<li><i>Ciorbă de fasole cu afumătură</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">bean</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">smoked meat</a> soup)</li>
<li><i>Ciorbă de legume</i> (vegetable soup)</li>
<li><i>Ciorbă de peşte "ca-n Deltă"</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> soup prepared in the style of the Danube Delta)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83_de_praz" title="Ciorbă de praz">Ciorbă de praz</a></i> is a leek soup</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83_de_pui" title="Ciorbă de pui">Ciorbă de pui</a></i> is a chicken soup</li>
<li><i>Ciorbă de salată cu afumătură</i> (green salad and smoked meat soup)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciorb%C4%83_de_sfecl%C4%83" title="Ciorbă de sfeclă">Ciorbă de sfeclă</a></i></li>
<li><i>Ciorbă ţărănească</i> (peasant soup)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sup%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Supă (page does not exist)">Supă</a></i>
(generic name for sweet (usually clear) soups,made out of vegetables
alone or combined with poultry and beef. The difference between Supă and
Ciorbă is that from Supă meat and most vegetables are removed, the
resulted liquid being served with dumplings or noodles
<ul>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sup%C4%83_%28de_pui%29_cu_g%C4%83lu%C5%9Fte&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Supă (de pui) cu găluşte (page does not exist)">Supă (de pui) cu găluşte</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halu%C5%A1ky" title="Halušky">halušky</a>, clear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumpling</a> soup with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_broth" title="Chicken broth">chicken broth</a>)</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sup%C4%83_%28de_pui%29_cu_t%C4%83ie%C5%A3ei&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Supă (de pui) cu tăieţei (page does not exist)">Supă (de pui) cu tăieţei</a></i> (clear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodle</a> soup with chicken broth)</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Meat">Meat</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mici.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mici.JPG/220px-Mici.JPG" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mici.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mititei" title="Mititei">Mititei</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustard_%28condiment%29" title="Mustard (condiment)">mustard</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread_rolls" title="Bread rolls">bread rolls</a></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frig%C4%83rui.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Frig%C4%83rui.jpg/220px-Frig%C4%83rui.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frig%C4%83rui.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frig%C4%83rui" title="Frigărui">Frigărui</a>, Romanian-style kebabs</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caltabo%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Caltaboş (page does not exist)">Caltaboş</a></i>/<i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chi%C5%9Fc%C7%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Chişcǎ (page does not exist)">chişcǎ</a></i> - a cooked sausage made of minced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> organs and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, stuffed in a pig casing</li>
<li><i>Cârnaţi</i> - a garlicky sausage, as in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasole_cu_c%C3%A2rna%C5%A3i" title="Fasole cu cârnaţi">Fasole cu cârnaţi</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catavitz%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Catavitz's (page does not exist)">Catavitz's</a></i> - beef, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> made into a soup</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiftele" title="Chiftele">Chiftele</a></i> - a type of large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">meatball</a> covered with a flour crust or breadcrumb crust</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciulama&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ciulama (page does not exist)">Ciulama</a></i> - white roux sauce used in a variety of meat dishes
<ul>
<li><i>Ciulama de viţel</i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">veal</a> ciulama</li>
<li><i>Ciulama de pui</i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a> ciulama</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drob" title="Drob">Drob</a> de miel</i> - a lamb <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggis" title="Haggis">haggis</a> made of minced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">organs</a> wrapped in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caul_fat" title="Caul fat">caul</a> and roasted like a meatloaf; a traditional Easter dish</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frig%C4%83rui" title="Frigărui">Frigărui</a></i> - Romanian-style kebabs</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limb%C4%83_cu_m%C4%83sline&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Limbă cu măsline (page does not exist)">Limbă cu măsline</a></i> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cow_tongue" title="Cow tongue">cow tongue</a> with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olives" title="Olives">olives</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mititei" title="Mititei">Mititei</a></i> (mici) - grilled minced-meat rolls</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musaca</a></i> - an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a>, and meat pie</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostropel" title="Ostropel">Ostropel</a></i> - method of cooking <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">duck</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprica%C5%9F" title="Papricaş">Papricaş</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goulash" title="Goulash">Goulash</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2rjoale" title="Pârjoale">Pârjoale</a></i> - a kind of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">meatball</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piftie" title="Piftie">Piftie</a></i>
- preparation is similar to the French demi-glace. Pork stock reduced
by simmering is placed in containers, spiced with garlic and sweet
paprika powder along with the boiled pork meat and left to cool. The
cooled liquid has a gelatinous consistency.</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C5%9Fcoi_sausages" title="Pleşcoi sausages">Pleşcoi sausages</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasol" title="Rasol">Rasol</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C4%83nin%C4%83" title="Slănină">Slănină</a></i> (şuncă) - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> fat, often smoked</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eni%C5%A3el" title="Şniţel">Şniţel</a></i> - a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">veal</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaded_cutlet" title="Breaded cutlet">breaded cutlet</a> (a variety of Viennese <i>schnitzel</i>)
<ul>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_schnitzel#Romania" title="Wiener schnitzel">Cordon bleu şniţel</a></i> - breaded pork tenderloin stuffed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">ham</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_schnitzel#Romania" title="Wiener schnitzel">Mosaic şniţel</a></i> - a specialty of Western Romania, two thin layers of different meats with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushroom</a> or other vegetable filling</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_schnitzel#Romania" title="Wiener schnitzel">Sniţel de pui</a></i> - breaded chicken breast cutlet</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stufat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stufat (page does not exist)">Stufat</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> stew</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tob%C4%83" title="Tobă">Tobă</a></i> - sausage (usually pig's stomach, stuffed with pork jelly, liver, and skin)</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tocan%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tocană (page does not exist)">Tocană</a>/<a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tocani%C5%A3%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tocaniţă (page does not exist)">tocaniţă</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stew</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toc%C4%83ni%C5%A3%C4%83_v%C3%A2n%C4%83toreasc%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tocăniţă vânătorească (page does not exist)">Tocăniţă vânătorească</a></i> - venison stew</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tochitur%C4%83" title="Tochitură">Tochitură</a> - a Romanian style stew</i></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varz%C4%83_c%C4%83lit%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Varză călită (page does not exist)">Varză călită</a></i> - steamed cabbage with pork ribs, duck or sausages</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarmale" title="Sarmale">Sarmale</a></i> - minced meat with rice, wrapped in pickled cabbage leaves</li>
<li><span class="mw-headline" id="Fish"></span><br /></li>
</ul>
<b>Fish</b><br /><br /><ul>
<li>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roe_Sallad.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Roe_Sallad.jpg/220px-Roe_Sallad.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roe_Sallad.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Romanian roe salad decorated with black olives.</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salata_de_icre" title="Salata de icre">Salata de icre</a></i> - roe salad</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plachie_din_pe%C5%9Fte&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Plachie din peşte (page does not exist)">Plachie din peşte</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragout" title="Ragout">ragout</a> of river fish with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetables" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saramur%C4%83_de_crap&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Saramură de crap (page does not exist)">Saramură de crap</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a> in brine</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiftele_de_pe%C5%9Fte" title="Chiftele de peşte">Chiftele de peşte</a></i> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_cake" title="Fish cake">fish cake</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paprica%C5%9F_de_pe%C5%9Fte&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Papricaş de peşte (page does not exist)">Papricaş de peşte</a></i> - fish <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprikash" title="Paprikash">paprikash</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crap_pane&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Crap pane (page does not exist)">Crap pane</a></i> - breaded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillet_%28cut%29" title="Fillet (cut)">fillet</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghiveci_cu_pe%C5%9Fte&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ghiveci cu peşte (page does not exist)">Ghiveci cu peşte</a></i> - vegetable stew with fish</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macrou_afumat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Macrou afumat (page does not exist)">Macrou afumat</a></i> - smoked <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a> fillet</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Vegetables">Vegetables</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Farshirovannyi_peretz.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="126" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Farshirovannyi_peretz.jpg/220px-Farshirovannyi_peretz.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Farshirovannyi_peretz.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<i>Ardei umpluţi</i></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardei_umplu%C5%A3i" title="Ardei umpluţi">Ardei umpluţi</a></i> - stuffed <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_peppers" title="Bell peppers">bell peppers</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dovlecei_umplu%C5%A3i&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dovlecei umpluţi (page does not exist)">Dovlecei umpluţi</a></i> - stuffed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucchini" title="Zucchini">zucchini</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gulii_umplute&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gulii umplute (page does not exist)">Gulii umplute</a></i> - stuffed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlrabi" title="Kohlrabi">kohlrabi</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinete_umplute&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Vinete umplute (page does not exist)">Vinete umplute</a></i> - stuffed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarma_%28food%29" title="Sarma (food)">Sarmale</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage_roll" title="Cabbage roll">stuffed cabbage rolls</a>, also made with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">grape</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex" title="Rumex">dock</a> leaves or many other leaves</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghiveci&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ghiveci (page does not exist)">Ghiveci</a></i> - vegetable stew or cooked vegetable salad similar to the Bulgarian <i>gjuvec</i> and the Hungarian <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecs%C3%B3" title="Lecsó">lecsó</a></i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghiveci_c%C7%8Elugaresc&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ghiveci cǎlugaresc (page does not exist)">Ghiveci cǎlugaresc</a></i> - vegetable stew prepared by the nuns in the monasteries</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iahnie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Iahnie (page does not exist)">Iahnie</a></i> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beans" title="Beans">beans</a>, spiced up, cooked until there's no more water and a soft sticky sauce binding beans together has formed</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fasole_batut%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fasole batută (page does not exist)">fasole batută</a></i> - <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mashed_beans&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mashed beans (page does not exist)">mashed beans</a>,
boiled beans are mashed up, spiced with salt, pepper and a bit of
garlic, it's served with a diced and fried onions and tomato paste,
sauce</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83m%C4%83lig%C4%83" title="Mămăligă">Mămăligă</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornmeal" title="Cornmeal">cornmeal</a> mush, also known as Romanian-style <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A2ncare_de_maz%C4%83re&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mâncare de mazăre (page does not exist)">Mâncare de mazăre</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">pea</a> stew</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A2ncare_de_praz&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mâncare de praz (page does not exist)">Mâncare de praz</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leek</a> stew</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetables" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a>, and pieces of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, often wings and organs of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chicken</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a>. Cooking method is very similar to risotto.</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiftelu%C5%A3e_de_ciuperci&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Chifteluţe de ciuperci (page does not exist)">Chifteluţe de ciuperci</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiftele" title="Chiftele">chiftele</a> made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a> instead of meat</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C5%A3el_de_ciuperci&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sniţel de ciuperci (page does not exist)">Sniţel de ciuperci</a></i> - mushroom <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritter" title="Fritter">fritter</a> - <i>şniţel</i> is the Romanian spelling of the German word <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_Schnitzel" title="Wiener Schnitzel">schnitzel</a></i> (breaded boneless cutlet), but it may be used to mean any sort of fritter</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tocan%C4%83_de_ciuperci&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tocană de ciuperci (page does not exist)">Tocană de ciuperci</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushroom</a> stew</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_cheese_types">List of cheese types</span></h2>
The generic name for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> is <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2nz%C4%83" title="Brânză">brânză</a></i>, and it is considered to be of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacian</a>
origin. Most of the cheeses are made of cow's or sheep's milk. Goat's
milk is rarely used. Sheep cheese is considered "the real cheese",
although in modern times some people refrain from consuming it due to
its higher fat content and specific smell.<br />
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2nz%C4%83_de_burduf" title="Brânză de burduf">Brânză de burduf</a></i>
a kneaded cheese prepared from sheep's milk and traditionally stuffed
into a sheep's stomach; it has a strong taste and semi-soft texture</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2nz%C4%83_topit%C4%83" title="Brânză topită">Brânză topită</a></i> is a melted cheese and a generic name for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processed_cheese" title="Processed cheese">processed cheese</a>, industrial product</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2nz%C4%83_de_co%C5%9Fule%C5%A3" title="Brânză de coşuleţ">Brânză de coşuleţ</a></i>
is a sheep's milk, kneaded cheese with a strong taste and semi-soft
texture, stuffed into bellows of fir tree bark instead of pig bladder,
very lightly smoked, traditional product</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C5%9F" title="Caş">Caş</a></i>
is a semi-soft fresh white cheese, unsalted, sometimes lightly salted,
stored in brine, which is eaten fresh (cannot be preserved),
traditional, seasonal product</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C5%9Fcaval" title="Caşcaval">Caşcaval</a></i> is a semi-hard cheese made with sheep's or cow's milk, traditional product</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%83sal" title="Năsal">Năsal</a></i>, traditional product</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penteleu" title="Penteleu">Penteleu</a></i>, traditional product</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98vai%C8%9Ber" title="Șvaițer">Șvaițer</a></i>, industrial product</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemea" title="Telemea">Telemea</a></i> is similar to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">feta</a>, traditional product</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urd%C4%83" title="Urdă">Urdă</a></i>
- made by boiling the whey drained from cow's or ewe's milk until the
remaining proteins precipitate and can be collected, traditional product</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_desserts">List of desserts</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amandine_cake.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Amandine_cake.jpg/220px-Amandine_cake.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amandine_cake.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amandine_%28cake%29" title="Amandine (cake)">Amandine</a>, Romanian chocolate sponge cake.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Papanasi_cu_cirese.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Papanasi_cu_cirese.jpg/220px-Papanasi_cu_cirese.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Papanasi_cu_cirese.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Papanași, Romanian <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doughnuts" title="Doughnuts">doughnuts</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covrigi" title="Covrigi">Covrigi</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">pretzel</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogo%C5%9Fi" title="Gogoşi">Gogoşi</a></i> - literally "doughnuts", but more akin to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fried_dough" title="Fried dough">fried dough</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahat_%28confectionery%29" title="Rahat (confectionery)">Rahat</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Turkish delight</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">pie</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koliva" title="Koliva">Colivă</a></i> - boiled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, mixed with sugar and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnuts" title="Walnuts">walnuts</a> (often decorated with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy" title="Candy">candy</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icing_sugar" title="Icing sugar">icing sugar</a>; distributed at funerals and/or memorial ceremonies)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozonac" title="Cozonac">Cozonac</a></i> - a kind of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stollen" title="Stollen">Stollen</a> made with leavened dough, into which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, and other ingredients are mixed</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Pandişpan</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Orez cu lapte</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gri%C5%9F_cu_lapte" title="Griş cu lapte">Griş cu lapte</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapte_de_pas%C4%83re" title="Lapte de pasăre">Lapte de pasăre</a></i> - literally "bird's milk", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">custard</a> garnished with "floating islands" of whipped egg whites</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_br%C3%BBl%C3%A9e" title="Crème brûlée">Cremă de zahăr ars</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">Clătite</a></i> - pancakes</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turt%C4%83_dulce&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Turtă dulce (page does not exist)">Turtă dulce</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">gingerbread</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chec&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Chec (page does not exist)">Chec</a></i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_cake" title="Coffee cake">coffee cake</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papana%C8%99i" title="Papanași">Papanași</a></i> - a kind of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">doughnut</a> made from a mixture of sweet cheese, eggs, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">semolina</a>, boiled or fried and served with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_syrup" title="Fruit syrup">fruit syrup</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">jam</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">sour cream</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Earlot%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Şarlotă (page does not exist)">Şarlotă</a></i> - a custard made with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whipped_cream" title="Whipped cream">whipped cream</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruits" title="Fruits">fruits</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_fingers" title="Lady fingers">lady fingers</a>; from the French <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_%28dessert%29" title="Charlotte (dessert)">Charlotte</a></li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pr%C4%83jituri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Prăjituri (page does not exist)">Prăjituri</a></i> - assorted pastries</li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>
<ul>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Savarine&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Savarine (page does not exist)">Savarine</a></i> - savarina<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amandine_%28cake%29" title="Amandine (cake)">Amandine</a></i> - chocolate sponge cake with almond and chocolate filling, glazed in chocolate</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joffre_cake" title="Joffre cake">Joffre cake</a></i> - invented at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Cap%C5%9Fa" title="Casa Capşa">Casa Capşa</a> restaurant in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucenici" title="Mucenici">Mucenici</a></i> - sweet cookies (shaped like "8", made of boiled or baked dough, garnished with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnuts" title="Walnuts">walnuts</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, eaten on a single day of the year, on 9 March)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_cuisine#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_drinks">List of drinks</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tuica.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="277" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tuica.jpg/220px-Tuica.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tuica.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Bottle of ţuică purchased in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%9Foara" title="Timişoara">Timişoara</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afinat%C4%83" title="Afinată">Afinată</a></i> - bilberry liqueur</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_beer" title="Romanian beer">Bere</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horinc%C4%83" title="Horincă">Horincă</a></i> is a plum brandy, produced near the border with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinc%C4%83" title="Palincă">Palincă</a>' is a plum brandy, produced near the border with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></i></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachiu" title="Rachiu">Rachiu</a></i> is a fruit brandy</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec%C4%83ric%C4%83" title="Secărică">Secărică</a></i> is a caraway seed brandy</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Şliboviţă</a></i> is a plum brandy, produced near the border with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socat%C4%83" title="Socată">Socată</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A2uic%C4%83" title="Ţuică">Ţuică</a></i> is a plum brandy</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A3" title="Turţ">Turţ</a></i> is a strong plum brandy, named after the village of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%A3" title="Turţ">Turţ</a> in northwestern Romania</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%9Finat%C4%83" title="Vişinată">Vişinată</a></i> is a sour cherry <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">liqueur</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Vin</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodcă</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmeurat%C4%83" title="Zmeurată">Zmeurată</a></i> is a raspberry liqueur</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="List_of_dishes"> </span></h2>
<br />
<br />
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">
<span dir="auto"> </span></h1>
askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-55523960568493156752012-12-03T00:47:00.004+02:002012-12-03T00:47:50.042+02:00<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">
<span dir="auto">Carpathian Mountains</span></h1>
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">
<span dir="auto"> </span></h1>
<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">
<span dir="auto"> </span></h1>
The <b>Carpathian Mountains</b> or <b>Carpathians</b> are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly 1,500 km (932 mi) long across <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, making them the second-longest mountain range in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Mountains" title="Scandinavian Mountains">Scandinavian Mountains</a>, 1,700 km (1,056 mi)). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bears</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_wolf" title="European wolf">wolves</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">chamois</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">lynxes</a>, with the highest concentration in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>,as well as over one third of all European plant species.The Carpathians and their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">piedmont</a> also concentrate many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">thermal</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral waters</a>, with Romania home to over one-third of the European total.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains#cite_note-7"><span>]</span></a></sup> Romania is likewise home to the largest surface of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_forest" title="Virgin forest">virgin forests</a> in Europe (excluding Russia), totaling 250,000 hectares (65%), most of them in the Carpathians, with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Carpathians" title="Southern Carpathians">Southern Carpathians</a> constituting Europe’s largest unfragmented forested area.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains#cite_note-9"><span></span></a></sup><br />
The Carpathians consist of a chain of mountain ranges that stretch in an arc from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (3%) in the northwest through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (17%), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (10%), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (4%) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (11%) to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (53%) in the east and on to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Gate_%28Danube%29" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gates</a> on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Danube" title="River Danube">River Danube</a> between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (2%) in the south. The highest range within the Carpathians is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatra_Mountains" title="Tatra Mountains">Tatras</a>, on the border of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, where the highest peaks exceed 2,600 m (8,530 ft). The second-highest range is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Carpathians" title="Eastern Carpathians">Eastern Carpathians</a> in Romania, where the highest peaks exceed 2,500 m (8,202 ft).<br />
The Carpathians are usually <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Carpathians" title="Divisions of the Carpathians">divided into three major parts</a>: the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Carpathians" title="Western Carpathians">Western Carpathians</a> (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia), the Central Carpathians (southeastern Poland, eastern Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania), and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Carpathians" title="Eastern Carpathians">Eastern Carpathians</a> (Romania, Serbia).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-carpathians.pl_1-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains#cite_note-carpathians.pl-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
The most important cities in or near the Carpathians are: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> in Slovakia; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> in Poland; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%C5%9Fov" title="Braşov">Braşov</a> in Romania; and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miskolc" title="Miskolc">Miskolc</a> in Hungary.askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-42639423782070728692012-11-22T21:10:00.000+02:002012-11-22T21:10:18.473+02:00<b> </b><span dir="auto"> </span><br />
<h2>
<span dir="auto"> <span style="font-size: x-large;"> <b>Voroneț Monastery</b></span></span></h2>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Voroneț</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, located<br />
in the town of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gura_Humorului" title="Gura Humorului">Gura Humorului</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>.<br />
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Voronet_church.jpg/450px-Voronet_church.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="File:Voronet church.jpg" border="0" height="320" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Voronet_church.jpg/450px-Voronet_church.jpg" width="240" /></a>It is one of the famous <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_churches_of_northern_Moldavia" title="Painted churches of northern Moldavia">painted monasteries</a> from <br />
southern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suceava_County" title="Suceava County">Suceava County</a>.<br />
Between May and September 1488, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_III_of_Moldavia" title="Stephen III of Moldavia">Stephen III of Moldavia</a><br />
(known as "Stephen the Great",<br />
in Romanian <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare" title="Ștefan cel Mare">Ștefan cel Mare</a>) built<br />
the <b>Voroneț Monastery</b><br />
(in Romanian <i>Mănăstirea Voroneț</i>) to<br />
commemorate the victory at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vaslui" title="Battle of Vaslui">Battle of Vaslui</a>.<br />
Often known as the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> of the East",<br />
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a>
at Voroneț feature an intense shade<br />
of blue known in Romania as
"Voroneț blue".<br />
"The exterior walls — including a representation of<br />
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a> on the<br />
west wall — were painted in 1547 with a<br />
background of vivid <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerulean_blue" title="Cerulean blue">cerulean blue</a>.<br />
This blue is so vibrant that art historians refer<br />
to Voroneț blue the same way they do Titian red."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%A3_Monastery#cite_note-0"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-72615742520682862652012-11-15T22:49:00.001+02:002012-11-15T22:49:30.494+02:00<h1 id="watch-headline-title">
<span class="long-title " dir="ltr" id="eow-title" title="Dacians - Unsettling truths - Full movie 2012 [ENG sub]">Dacians - Unsettling truths </span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/6PBdNU7xAcM?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<h1 id="watch-headline-title">
<span class="long-title " dir="ltr" id="eow-title" title="Dacians - Unsettling truths - Full movie 2012 [ENG sub]"> </span></h1>
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<h3>
The province of Dacia</h3>
<br />
- The province of Dacia existed from 106-2771 AD. It didn't include all
the territories inhabited by the Dacians. Crisana, Maramures, Northern
and Central Moldova are still inhabited by the free Dacians.<br />
- Trajan stayed in Dacia until 107, to orgaanize the new territory.<br />
- In 108 is founded the capital of the provvince, Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa.<br />
- Other important cities in Dacia were: Apuulum, Napoca, Potaissa, Drobeta, Dierna, Tibiscum.<br />
<br />
<h3>
The continuity of the Dacians</h3>
<br />
- Some ancient writers affirmed that the Daacian people had been completely destroyed after the two wars. This is not true.<br />
- These are the proofs that in Dacia continnued to exist a numerous local population:<br />
- Most of the ancient historians didn't afffirm that all the Dacians
died. For example, Dio Cassius says that a lot of Dacians submitted to
the Romans during the wars. Scenes from Trajan's Column show how the
Dacians returned to their homes, after the war.<br />
- Inscriptions and written documents mentioon units formed with Dacian
soldiers, which are placed all over the empire. 12 such military units
are known.<br />
- The Dacian names of the cities are kept dduring the Roman
administration (Apulum, Napoca, Drobeta, Dierna, Potaissa). Because of
the presence of the local population in the province, at the the new
capital is added the name Sarmizegetusa.<br />
- Also, the Dacian names of the rivers are used by the Romans (Maris, Alutus, Samus, Pyretus).<br />
- The archaeological discoveries are the moost important proves for the
continuity of the Dacians: settlements and houses, burial places,
objects of home use, pottery, tools, all of them of Dacian provenance.<br />
<h3>
The free Dacians</h3>
<br />
- The free Dacians are the inhabitants of MMaramures, Crisana, Moldova,
territories that weren't included in the province of Dacia.<br />
- They had kept a permanent contact with thhe Dacians from the province. <br />
- The most important among the free Dacianss were:<br />
a. the Costoboci<br />
b. the Carpi<br />
c. the Great Dacians.<br />
- The free Dacians had a number of raids inn the territories occupied by
the Romans. The most significant was that of the Carpi in 245.<br />
askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-36006061880354165692012-11-12T21:37:00.001+02:002012-11-12T21:38:08.658+02:00 ROMANIAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
During the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_ages" title="Middle ages">middle ages</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>
there were two types of construction that developed in parallel and
different in point of both materials and technique. The first is the
popular architecture, whose most spectacular achievements were the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_Churches_of_Maramure%C5%9F" title="Wooden Churches of Maramureş">wooden churches</a>, especially those in the villages of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maramure%C5%9F" title="Maramureş">Maramureş</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuseni_Mountains" title="Apuseni Mountains">Apuseni Mountains</a>, where the tradition is still carried out today. In Maramureş, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fti,_Maramure%C5%9F" title="Şişeşti, Maramureş">Surdeşti</a>
village, the 54 m high church tower built during 1721–1724 is among the
highest of this kind in Europe. The second consists mainly of
monasteries, as well as princely seats or boyar mansions.
Unfortunatelly, most of the old lay edifices were destroyed by time,
wars, earthquakes and fires.<br />
In mediaeval architecture, influences of Western trends can be
traced, to a greater or lesser extent, in all the three lands inhabited
by Romanians. Such influences are stronger in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, and weaker in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, in forms absorbed by local and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> tradition. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>,
Western elements in architecture were even fewer; there, from the 14th
century architecture was based on the local adaptation of the Byzantine
model (the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princely_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Princely Church (page does not exist)">Princely Church</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtea_de_Arges" title="Curtea de Arges">Curtea de Arges</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozia_Monastery" title="Cozia Monastery">Cozia Monastery</a>).<br />
There are monuments significant for the Transylvanian <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_style" title="Gothic style">Gothic style</a> preserved to this day, in spite of all alterations, such as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Church" title="Black Church">Black Church</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%C5%9Fov" title="Braşov">Braşov</a> (14th–15th c.) and a number of other <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedrals" title="Cathedrals">cathedrals</a>, as well as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bran_Castle" title="Bran Castle">Bran Castle</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%C5%9Fov_County" title="Braşov County">Braşov County</a> (14th c.), the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunyad_Castle" title="Hunyad Castle">Hunyad Castle</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunedoara" title="Hunedoara">Hunedoara</a> (15th c.).<br />
Transylvania also developed <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_villages_with_fortified_churches_in_Transylvania" title="Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania">fortified towns</a>
extensively during the Middle Ages; their urban growth respected
principles of functionality (the usual pattern is a central market place
with a church, narrow streets with sides linked here and there by
archways): the cities of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sighi%C5%9Foara" title="Sighişoara">Sighişoara</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>
and Braşov are remarkable examples in that sense. Building greatly
developed in Moldavia, too. A great number of fortresses were built or
rebuilt during the reign of Moldavia's greatest prince, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen the Great</a> (1457–1504). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suceava" title="Suceava">Suceava</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neam%C5%A3_Citadel" title="Neamţ Citadel">Neamţ</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotin" title="Hotin">Hotin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soroca" title="Soroca">Soroca</a> and others were raised and successfully withstood the sieges laid in the course of time by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Mehmet_II" title="Sultan Mehmet II">Sultan Mehmet II</a>, the conqueror of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, by the kings of Poland and Hungary.<br />
It was during his time that the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovenesc_style" title="Moldovenesc style">Moldavian style</a>,
of great originality and stylistic unity, developed, by blending Gothic
elements with the Byzantine structure specific to the churches. Among
such constructions, the monumental church of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neam%C5%A3_Monastery" title="Neamţ Monastery">Neamţ Monastery</a> served, for more than a century, as a model for <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_churches_of_northern_Moldavia" title="Painted churches of northern Moldavia">Moldavian churches and monasteries</a>. The style was continued in the 16th c., during the rule of Stephen the Great's son, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petru_Rare%C5%9F" title="Petru Rareş">Petru Rareş</a> (1527–1538, 1541–1546). The main innovation was the porch and the outwall paintings (the churches of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorone%C5%A3" title="Voroneţ">Voroneţ</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucevi%C5%A3a_Monastery" title="Suceviţa Monastery">Suceviţa</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovi%C5%A3a_Monastery" title="Moldoviţa Monastery">Moldoviţa</a>
monasteries). These churches of Northern Moldavia have become famous
worldwide, due to the beauty of their painted elegant shapes that can be
seen from afar.<br />
The 17th century, the zenith of the pre-modern Romanian civilisation,
brought about a more significant development of outstanding lay
constructions (elegant boyard mansions or sumptuous princely palaces in
Moldavia and Wallachia, Renaissance-style lordly castles in
Transylvania), as well as the expansion of great monasteries. The latter
were endowed with schools, art workshops, printing presses, and they
were significant cultural centres. To this period belongs the church of
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trei_Ierarhi_Monastery" title="Trei Ierarhi Monastery">Trei Ierarhi Monastery</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ia%C5%9Fi" title="Iaşi">Iaşi</a>, raised in 1635–1639, a unique monument due to its lavish decoration with carved geometric motifs, coloured in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">lapis lazuli</a> and golden foil, all over the facades. The architectural style developed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>, especially under the reigns of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matei_Basarab" title="Matei Basarab">Matei Basarab</a> (1632–1654) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncoveanu" title="Constantin Brâncoveanu">Constantin Brâncoveanu</a> (1688–1714), is of a remarkable stylistic unity. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brancovan_style" title="Brancovan style">Brancovan style</a> is characterized by integration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental" title="Oriental">Oriental</a> features into the local tradition. Some examples are the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurezi_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hurezi Monastery (page does not exist)">Hurezi Monastery</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a> or the princely palace of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogo%C5%9Foaia" title="Mogoşoaia">Mogoşoaia</a>, both of which are lavishly decorated, with beautiful stone carvings, stucco work and paintings.<br />
The 18th century (the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phanariot_rule&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Phanariot rule (page does not exist)">Phanariot rule</a>) brought to Wallachia and Moldavia elements of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental" title="Oriental">Oriental</a>
influence in urban civil architecture, where the number of religious
constructions decreased relatively. In Transylvania, the Baroque
dominated both religious (the Roman Catholic churches in Timisoara and
Oradea) and lay architecture (Banffy Palace in Cluj and Brukenthal
Palace in Sibiu).<br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evo_media%C5%9F.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="130" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Evo_media%C5%9F.JPG/200px-Evo_media%C5%9F.JPG" width="200" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evo_media%C5%9F.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf3/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%C5%9F" title="Mediaş">Mediaş</a>, historic city centre</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Modern_styles">Modern styles</span></h2>
In the first half of the 19th century, urban life grew considerably
and there was a Western-oriented modernisation policy, due to which the
architecture of the Romanian lands became a combination of Romantic and
Neo-Classical elements. In the second half of the century a national
tendency developed, to use to a great extent elements and forms of the
traditional local architecture. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Mincu" title="Ion Mincu">Ion Mincu</a>
(1852–1912) was founder of both trends and of the Romanian school of
architecture. His works, the Lahovary House or the Central Girls School
in Bucharest, are among the most prominent achievements of this
movement. It is due to an opposite trend that they designed houses and
administrative buildings in the spirit of French eclecticism (the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Justice_%28Bucharest%29" title="Palace of Justice (Bucharest)">Justice Palace</a>, the Central Post Office) or by adapting classicism (the buildings that now hosts the House of the Men of Science, or the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantacuzino_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cantacuzino Palace (page does not exist)">Cantacuzino Palace</a> in Bucharest).<br />
That was the time when the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Athaeneum" title="Romanian Athaeneum">Romanian Athaeneum</a>,
one of the capitals most famous buildings, was erected in the same
style (1886–1888). All those French-looking buildings raised around 1900
were a reason to nickname Bucharest <i>"Little <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>"</i>. Other important architects, like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petre_Antonescu" title="Petre Antonescu">Petre Antonescu</a> (1873–1965), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horia_Creanga" title="Horia Creanga">Horia Creanga</a> (1893–1943) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiliu_Marcu" title="Duiliu Marcu">Duiliu Marcu</a> (1885–1966) stood out by their commitment to simple and functional forms.<br />
In the first decades of the 20th century, Romanian towns and cities
still had a contrasting aspect, exhibiting a sharp difference between
the downtown sumptuous buildings and the almost rural outskirts, while
the villages remained, architecturally speaking, mainly unchanged.
Nevertheless, the first signs of town planning appeared in some urban
districts (the first two- or three-storied blocks of flats or one-family
houses on two levels).<br />
Industrialization brought some engineering feats such as the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Carol_I_Bridge" title="King Carol I Bridge">King Carol I Bridge</a> (later renamed Anghel Saligny Bridge). Built between 1890 and 1895 in over the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, when it was completed it then became the longest bridge in Europe and the third in the world.<br />
Industrialisation and fast urban growth, forced especially in the
last two decades of the communist epoch, introduced in architecture
long-series typified projects and pre-fab technology in the construction
of 8–10 storeyed blocks of flats, which resulted in huge living
quarters, levelling up the Romanian townscape. Unfortunately,
nationalism, characterizing the last <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C5%9Fescu" title="Nicolae Ceauşescu">Nicolae Ceauşescu</a>
stage of Romanian communism, did not reflect in Romanian architecture.
Traditional urban central areas and rural towns were destroyed, and
replaced by conglomerates of blocks of flats, while the same ruler
imposed the erection of monumental public buildings of a dull eclectic
solemnity. Proof of this intrusion of politics in the life of the city
stands the huge palace built on Ceauşescu's order in Bucharest, now the <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliament_House_%28Bucharest%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Parliament House (Bucharest) (page does not exist)">Parliament House</a>,
whose construction necessitated the demolition of several quarters
downtown. As in so many other domains, the post-revolutionary Romanian
world will be bound to find again in architecture the way that best
answers its needs for functionality and outlook.askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-43307023843463288132012-11-10T22:06:00.002+02:002012-11-10T22:08:56.386+02:00<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paFYuHu-SHA">the world without Romania</a><br />
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paFYuHu-SHA askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-66060432121854365092010-11-24T11:38:00.000+02:002010-11-26T13:30:08.767+02:00<i>Dear Romanian,</i><br />
<i>I know Romanian is a Romance language like French and Italian but are Romanian people more similiar to the West or the mostly Slavic East?</i><br />
<br />
<i>God Smith,</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear God Smith,<br />
<br />
<br />
Romanian language is similar to other romanic languages because of the influence of the Roman Empire that conquered all lands from Europe and around the Mediterranean sea between 27b.c.- 476 a.c.Romanian people are more similar to West and South-West countries because we have similar history and ancestors. Also, nowadays romanians are the result of latins merging with dacs and tracs(our oldest ancestors).Until that time our language was slave but after that both our language and traditions have started to develop a romantic, latin side.<br />
After the merging with the latins, there is no way back as we started to live by their rules and traditions for thousands of years to go.When the roman empire finally set us free,we were already accustomed with our new lives and continued living that way.It was a good experience for us because it made us what we are today.A stranger hearing our language will be confused and even think it's russian,but if you study it you will find out that it's a latin language that still has an under layer of slavic words.It's all because of our history and the nations that have dominated us in the past.<br />
The people have traits from both slavic and western countries.We drink like russians(not as much tho) and we enjoy life as italians and french. askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-78745143622569263462010-11-17T22:50:00.000+02:002010-11-17T22:51:01.784+02:00Being a romanian-positive and negative<div><i>"What is the best thing about a Romanian? And what is the worst thing about being a Romanian?"</i></div><div><i>Thanks,</i></div><div></div><i>Filipino.</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<i> </i>Dear Filipino,<br />
<br />
<br />
Okay,first of all,i think this question sucks.No one should be put in the situation to talk dirt about his own country.Of course i could write all the good stuff but then i wouldn't be honest.I'm not saying my country is all bad but as many others,it has its faults.<br />
At first i thought this question is gonna be a easy one,it turned out it isn't.I've asked my friends what do they think about it and i still couldn't get a straight answer.The conclusion? Romania is not an easy country to live in.<br />
We have high unemployment rate,stray dogs,traffic jams,pimps and minorities who managed to create a faster and worse image for us than we would've got if we wouldn't have been admitted to the European Union.<br />
But we're working on it,and we're trying to create a better place for our kids to live in.It's been 20 years since we have become a democratic state but some of us still have the comunist mentality.That's hard too.<br />
But the people are kind,they are warm and welcoming.We have real traditions that were perpetuated from ancient times and in rural areas,people sill lead they're lives by abiding old morals. <br />
We have unique landscapes, meaning Romania is one of the few countries in the world that has it all,both sea and mountain.Fascinating history that served as inspirational research for many famous books.Romania was once considered The Gate of Christianity because during the ottoman invasion it played an important role because of it's geographical position and deffended the rest of the europe by not letting the ottoman imperium win.<br />
Going back to modern days,the educational system in Romania is very good,the quantity of information romanian kids get in school is far more bigger compared with other countries. Other than that we also have very beautiful women. <br />
You asked what is good about<i> being </i>a romanian,not what is good about the<i> country</i>.I've found many reasons,not all were good but if you would ask me if i ever wanted to be born somewhere else,i'd say no.I'd still choose Romania.Proof is me writting this blog ,if i wouldn't have loved my country i wouldn't have done this.<br />
<i>I live in Romania and this takes all my time.</i>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-1899449263102423822010-11-13T23:06:00.000+02:002010-11-13T23:08:29.253+02:00Romanian motocycling<i>The carpathian mountains cover some of Romania and the Ukraine. Where is it possible to have some mountain motorbike riding as in this video? <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joyzuOI07OQ" target="_blank">www.youtube.com/watch?v=<wbr></wbr>joyzuOI07OQ</a></i><br />
<br />
<i>Regards, the chinese guy. </i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
<i><br />
</i><br />
<i></i>Dear Chinese Guy,<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://liberinmiscare.ro/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/poza.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://liberinmiscare.ro/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/poza.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">It's nice finally getting to answer interesting questions, and i sure enjoy this one.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Romania has a lot of places for motorcycling but unfortunately the season has officially ended for this year.</div><div class="MsoNormal">The reason is because winter is coming. Nonetheless, the weather is still okay so people </div><div class="MsoNormal">are having fun on their own.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Some of the places that are organizing real competitions are the circuits at Zarnesti, Prund-Dunare,Comanesti and the most well-known: the one at Gorgota- Ciolpani.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.adevarul.ro/bbtcontent/clipping/ADVIMA20100603_0309/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="http://www.adevarul.ro/bbtcontent/clipping/ADVIMA20100603_0309/4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">This one is near Bucharest, our capital, and is the only one in Romania that is recognized by FIM ( The International Federation of Motocycling).</div><div class="MsoNormal">Festivals that are organized annually in Romania are The Red Bull Romaniacs, that took place at Sibiu this year, X-cape Cup Enduro that took place in Comanesti and many others.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Basically, every circuit has one per year. You can participate next year if you want, because there are a lot of foreigners competing and usually winning this competitions.</div><div class="MsoNormal">Beginning next year The Comision of Enduro and Cross Country of FIM has decided to add another step to the original 8-steps Maxxis World Enduro Championship .It's going to take place in Romania on 9-10 july in Buzau and it is going to be guested by Extreme Adventure Buzau Club.<br />
I hope that these informations are useful to you and if you have something more to ask,feel free to contact me. </div>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-47283000723853311522010-11-05T21:41:00.000+02:002010-11-12T21:40:20.537+02:00Vampires-the origins <i>dear romanian,<br />
i'm an anime fan and because some have vampires originating them to japanese mithology i've always tought that's were they come from.however,recently,a friend of mine told me they were more connected to romanian legends...<br />
could you please tell me if that is right?i would also like some more information on this.<br />
<br />
thank you,<br />
mia </i><br />
<br />
Dear Mia,<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>I'm glad that you're interested on this kind of subjects,because I'm proud to be romanian and to present you the real origin pf vampires.These legends play significant roles in the cultures of many areas around the world. These blood-sucking beings are most common in the cultures of Eastern Europe, although similar manifestations are reported in some Asian cultures as well as some ancient cultures. Vampire legends have a distinct background bridging several cultures and eras, making them some of the most compelling stories ever told.<br />
The most well-known versions of vampire myth are those of the Slavic and Romanian cultures, which, due to their proximity, are surprisingly similar. Both have several reasons that a person may become a vampire, such as unnatural death, birth defects, or conception on certain days. Romanian legend gave rise to the belief that being bitten by a vampire would doom one to become a vampire after death. Both Slavic and Romanian myths hold the belief that, with the advent of a vampire, there would be deaths of livestock and family members of the vampire. The favored way to kill a vampire in these two myths is by driving a stake through the heart, decapitation, and if necessary, dismemberment. Slavic and Romanian vampire myths have given rise to the most popular world-view of vampires.<br />
Perhaps the most famous vampire of all times was Count Dracula. Many movies have used his character, but the novel, written by Bram Stoker, in 1897, played a very important role in his career as a well known vampire. The name of the book was "Dracula" and many say that this is the birth of the legend of the famous Count Dracula. Bram Stoker's character in the Dracula novel, was compared to one of the best-known figures of the Romanian history - Vlad Dracula, nicknamed Vlad Tepes (Vlad the Impaler). <br />
<div align="justify"> The vampire is truly a global creature, with myths related to the dead which rise to drink the blood of the living coming out of cultures all around the world. The victims of a vampire either dies or becomes a vampire. Vampires could also be made in a variety of ways: a child born under certain omens, a cat or other animal jumping over a dead body, someone who committed suicide, and practicing witchcraft are some activities thought to be the cause of vampirism. In order to protect yourself from a vampire, there are a few things that can be helpful: garlic, silver cross, sunlight or fire, cross or crucifix, holy water, mountain ash (rowan). It is believed that it is possible to become a vampire if: you are born the 7th son of the 7th son, if a dead body has been reflected in a mirror or a child who dies unbaptized (known as "moroi"). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2008/vampires/vampires_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2008/vampires/vampires_01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div align="justify"> Vampires are usually "night people" on a biochemical level. They have inverted circadian rhythms, with body cycles such as temperature peaks, menstrual onset, and the production of sleep hormones in the brain occurring at the opposite time of day from most people. They have difficulty adjusting to daytime schedules and frequently work nights. They tend to be photosensitive, avoiding sunlight, sun burning easily, and having excellent night vision. Their vitality ranges widely, and they can be vigorous and active one day, depressed and languorous the next.<br />
Write me at <a href="mailto:askaromanian@gmail.com">askaromanian@gmail.com</a></div>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-7578439232547547412010-11-05T21:29:00.001+02:002010-11-12T21:39:26.835+02:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div> <i> Dear Romanian,<br />
When I asked my friend about a incredible place on Earth to visit,he told me to go to see some volcanoes...the Muddy Volcanoes from Romania...Please told me more about them because I don't know nothing.<br />
Thanks.</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear Julian<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jtRKtP7dXA0/Sa0zu2k0MXI/AAAAAAAAATs/kcX9yBcghAM/s320/Muddy+Volcanoes+Romania.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jtRKtP7dXA0/Sa0zu2k0MXI/AAAAAAAAATs/kcX9yBcghAM/s320/Muddy+Volcanoes+Romania.jpg" /></a></div>There is a spectacular place in Romania, at Berca, nearby Buzau, called the Muddy Volcanoes. This is a natural reservation very scarce in vegetation, where the soil is made of dried mud coming out from small volcanoes mouths. The land is soft, but it is possible to walk on it. Yet, in some parts you have the strange sensation that it will collapse and you’ll end up swallowed by the mud.At first sight, you would think that the volcanoes are hot, but if you have the curiosity to put a finger inside the mud, you’ll be surprised to see that they are cold. If you are more curious and dare to taste the mud, you’ll notice it is salty. The phenomenon is based on the natural gasses eruptions in that area.As the natural gasses erupt from 3 km deep towards the surface, they push up underground salty water and clay, so that they overflow through the craters of the volcanoes, while the gas emerges as bubbles. The mud dries off at the surface, creating volcano-like, solid, cone-shaped structures.The expelled mud is cold from the very beginning, as it comes from inside the Earth’s continental crust layers, and not from the mantle. The place stinks a little bit like sulfur, but it is not unbearable, and after a few minutes you won’t even notice the smell anymore. There are no dwellings in the proximity, so the area is very quiet. All you can hear are the birds singing and the blurbs of the small volcanoes.The reservation is unique in Europe, with similar phenomena being observed in Siberia and Australia. If you consider going to the Muddy Volcanoes, you can do it as one-day trip from Bucharest (it’s a three hours drive).<br />
Write me at <a href="mailto:askaromanian@gmail.com">askaromanian@gmail.com</a>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-19214773937165012522010-10-30T15:11:00.001+03:002010-10-30T15:11:38.420+03:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://romaniatube.ro/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/busteni1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="http://romaniatube.ro/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/busteni1.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Everyone around the world ,if you have a curiosity about Romania or if you just have a question on social life ,tradition,culture,society or any other romanian related stuff ,feel free to send in your questions at <a href="mailto:askaromanian@gmail.com">askaromanian@gmail.com</a>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70951340055633793.post-67343297889988952532010-10-30T15:10:00.001+03:002010-11-12T21:41:01.299+02:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ROMANIA was one of the least visited countries in Europe, till 15 years ago. Closed for more than 40 years behind the "Iron Curtain" and almost isolated from the rest of the world by a tough communist regime until 1989, Romania is a land of many genuine treasures that are waiting to be discovered.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Romania is one of the large countries of Europe, with a population of approx. 22 million inhabitants. Along with the </span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Romanians,Hungarians, Germans, Serbs, Turks and other minorities also live in the country. Most of them are of Greek-Orthodox religion, but there are also many Catholics, Protestants, Evangelical, Muslims and others. </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></i></span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Often compared to a "Latin island in a Slav sea", Romania features a unique familiar feeling in Eastern Europe: its language of a Latin origin, the Latin alphabet (quite rare in this part of Europe) and moreover the Latin temperament and friendliness of its people - all make of Romania a place where most visitor feel very </span>comfortable.</i></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 575px;"><tbody>
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<i>There are many tourist attractions in Romania: some are unique in the world, as the enchanting monasteries of Bucovina with their churches entirely covered with 16th century frescoes on the outside walls, appearing among hills and woods as an illustrated Bible open on all the pages.</i></span></td><td width="275"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="color: #000099; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
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<tr valign="top"> <td height="10" valign="middle"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_mYNmNplgjtM/TMnoVEaODgI/AAAAAAAAAAU/rUnAsXamOiY/s1600/lacul-bolboci-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_mYNmNplgjtM/TMnoVEaODgI/AAAAAAAAAAU/rUnAsXamOiY/s320/lacul-bolboci-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><i style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Unique is also Transylvania - "the Land across the woods" (also known as Siebenbürgen in German), a vast province of Romania with its lovely medieval towns and fortresses at the foothill of the Carpathians, rich with precious Saxon heritage treasures...<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Romania is probably also the last place in Europe where you can still see unspoiled countryside, with the traditional rural civilisation still alive. Discover the northern provinces of Maramures (in northern Transylvania) or else Bucovina (in northern Moldavia), with their old handicrafts, friendly people fiercely dressed in their folk costumes, horse or oxen-drawn carriages (horse-drawn sleighs in winter), with colorful villages where time seems to have stood still. You can be sure of forgetting all the stresses and strains of the western world.</span></span> </i></span><br />
<div style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If you are a Dracula fan, you wouldn't want to miss Dracula's Castle in Bran, the Borgo Pass or his birthplace in the medieval "Upper Town" of Sighisoara - they're all in Transylvania.</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></i></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000099;"><span style="color: black;">As most of visitors who discover Romania for the first time confess, Romania could be for you too well above the expectations..We wait you to discover our beautiess.</span></span></span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000099;"><span style="color: black;">write me at <a href="mailto:askaromanian@gmail.com">askaromanian@gmail.com</a> </span></span></span></i></span></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>askaromanianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03827819107387416087noreply@blogger.com